Privileged Access Management (PAM)

Simple Definition for Beginners:

Privileged Access Management is a way to control and monitor who can use important computer systems and information, keeping them safe from misuse.

Common Use Example:

When a company restricts access to sensitive data to only a few trusted employees and tracks their activities, it is using Privileged Access Management.

Technical Definition for Professionals:

Privileged Access Management (PAM) refers to the cybersecurity strategies and technologies used to control, monitor, secure, and audit the access and permissions for users, accounts, processes, and systems operating within an IT environment. Key aspects of PAM include:

• Credential Management:

o Securing privileged credentials, such as passwords, SSH keys, and API keys, by storing them in a secure vault, rotating them regularly, and ensuring they are only accessible by authorized users.

• Access Control:

o Enforcing the principle of least privilege by granting users the minimum level of access necessary to perform their job functions. This involves creating and managing policies that define who can access what resources and when.

• Session Management:

o Monitoring and recording privileged sessions in real-time to ensure that activities can be tracked and audited. This includes features such as session recording, keystroke logging, and real-time alerts for suspicious behavior.

• Just-In-Time Access:

o Providing temporary privileged access to users only when needed and for a limited duration. This reduces the risk associated with standing privileges and ensures access is granted based on the context and necessity of the task.

• Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):

o Implementing MFA to add an additional layer of security for accessing privileged accounts, ensuring that even if credentials are compromised, unauthorized access is prevented.

• Audit and Compliance:

o Generating detailed reports and audit logs of all privileged access and activities to meet regulatory requirements and provide accountability. This helps in detecting and responding to potential security incidents.