Access Control

Simple Definition for Beginners:

Access control is a security process that determines who can use or view resources in a computing environment.

Common Use Example:

When you enter a password to access your email, the system uses access control to ensure that only you can read your messages and use the email services.

Technical Definition for Professionals:

Access control is a fundamental security mechanism that regulates who or what can view or use resources in a computing environment. It involves the implementation of policies and procedures to manage permissions and restrict unauthorized access to information, systems, and physical locations. Key components and models of access control include:

• Discretionary Access Control (DAC): Grants access based on the identity of the user and access rules defined by the resource owner.
• Mandatory Access Control (MAC): Restricts access based on fixed security attributes and policies set by a central authority, typically used in high-security environments.
• Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Assigns permissions based on user roles within an organization, simplifying the management of user permissions.
• Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC): Uses attributes (such as user role, time of access, and location) to determine access rights.
• Rule-Based Access Control: Applies rules that specify conditions under which access is granted or denied.
• Identity and Access Management (IAM): Manages user identities and their access rights across systems and applications.
• Access Control Lists (ACLs): Lists of permissions attached to an object, specifying which users or systems can access the object and what actions they can perform.
• Single Sign-On (SSO): Allows users to access multiple applications or systems with one set of login credentials.

Access control mechanisms ensure that only authorized users can access resources, protecting sensitive data and systems from unauthorized access and potential security breaches.